Ernest Orlando Lawrence

Biography

Abstract

Ernest Orlando Lawrence was Director of the University of California Radiation Laboratory, Berkeley (1936-1958). Other institutional affiliations included Yale University. His research interests included the cyclotron and atomic energy.

Important Dates

August 8, 1901Birth, Canton (S.D.).

1918 – 1919Took undergraduate courses, St. Olaf College, Northfield (Minn.).

1922Obtained BA, University of South Dakota, Vermillion (S.D.).

1923Obtained MA, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis (Minn.).

1923 – 1924Worked towards PhD in Physics, University of Chicago, Chicago (Ill.).

1925Obtained PhD in Physics, Yale University, New Haven (Conn.).

1925 – 1928National Research Fellow (1925-1927) and Assistant Professor of Physics (1927-1928), Yale University.

1928 – 1958Associate Professor of Physics (1928-1930); Professor of Physics (1930-1958); and Director, Radiation Laboratory (1936-1958), University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley (Calif.).

1934Member, National Academy of Sciences.

1937Member, American Philosophical Society.

1939Awarded Nobel Prize in Physics "for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements".

1941Member, Advisory Committee on Uranium Research, National Academy of Sciences.

1941 – 1946Program Chief, S-1 Uranium Section (1941-1942) and Member, Executive Committee, S-1 Uranium Section (1942-1946), Office of Scientific Research and Development.

1942 – 1945Scientific Adviser and Project Director, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory, Manhattan Project, Berkeley (Calif.).

1956 – 1958Member, Board of Trustees, RAND Corporation.

1957Awarded Enrico Fermi Award, United States Atomic Energy Commission.

August 27, 1958Death, Palo Alto (Calif.).

Occupation

Nuclear physicist.

Places

Birth

Canton (S.D.)

Undergraduate Education

Northfield (Minn.)

Vermillion (S.D.)

Graduate Education

Minneapolis (Minn.)

Chicago (Ill.)

New Haven (Conn.)

Employment

Berkeley (Calif.)

Death

Palo Alto (Calif.)

Subjects

Cyclotrons.

Nuclear energy.

Nuclear physics.

Photoelectricity.

Relationships

People

Family

Lawrence, Barbara

Daughter.

Lawrence, Eric

Son.

Lawrence, John Hundale, 1904-

Brother.

Lawrence, Margaret

Daughter.

Lawrence, Mary

Daughter.

Lawrence, Mary Blumer

Wife. Married 1932.

Lawrence, Robert

Son.

Lawrence, Susan

Daughter.

Advisors & Collaborators

Abelson, Philip Hauge

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley, "An investigation of the products of the disintegration of uranium by neutrons."

Hildebrand, R. H.

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley.

Kamen, Martin David, 1913-2002

Advised by Lawrence on Manhattan Project.

Lofgren, Edward J., 1908-

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley, "The Behavior of a Uranium Compound in Calutrons."

McMillan, Edwin M. (Edwin Mattison), 1907-

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley, both employed at University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Swann, W. F. G. (William Francis Gray), 1884-1962

Advised by Swann at Yale University, "The photoelectric effect in potassium vapour as a function of the frequency of light," and both employed at Yale University.

Tobias, Cornelius A.

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley.

White, Milton Grandison, 1910-1979

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley, "Investigation of the Laws of Scattering of High Energy Protons in Hydrogen."

Wilson, Robert R., 1914-2000

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley, "Theory of the cyclotron."

Wu, C. S. (Chien-shiung), 1912-1997

Advised by Lawrence at University of California, Berkeley, "I. The Internal and External Continuous X-rays Excited by the Beta-particles of P.: II. Some Fission Products of Uranium," and both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Colleagues

Abrahams, Elihu

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Allison, Samuel King, 1900-1965

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Alvarez, Luis W., 1911-1988

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Arnowitt, Richard

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Beams, Jesse W. (Jesse Wakefield), 1898-1977

Both employed at Yale University.

Birge, Raymond T. (Raymond Thayer), 1887-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Bradbury, Norris, 1909-1997

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Brode, Robert B. (Robert Bigham), 1900-1986

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Brown, Harold, 1927-2019

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Case, Kenneth M.

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Chamberlain, O. (Owen)

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Chew, Geoffrey F.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Corson, Dale R.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Deser, S. (Stanley)

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Diamond, R. M.

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Furry, W. H. (Wendell Hinkle), 1907-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Furth, H. P.

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Goldberger, Marvin L.

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Goldhaber, Gerson

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Hahn, E. L. (Erwin Louis), 1921-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Helmholz, August Carl, 1915-2003

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Jeffries, C. D., 1922-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Kittel, Charles

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Lee, T. D., 1926-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Livingston, M. Stanley (Milton Stanley)

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Loeb, Leonard B. (Leonard Benedict), 1891-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Mandelstam, Stanley

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Moyer, Burton J., 1912-1973

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Nierenberg, William Aaron, 1919-2000

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Oppenheimer, J. Robert, 1904-1967

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Panofsky, Wolfgang K. H. (Wolfgang Kurt Hermann), 1919-2007

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Perlman, Isadore

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Phillips, J. C.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Reynolds, John Hamilton, 1923-2000

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Ruderman, Malvin A.

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Sachs, Robert Green, 1916-

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Sandweiss, Jack H.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Schiff, Leonard I. (Leonard Isaac), 1915-1971

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Schwinger, Julian, 1918-1994

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Seaborg, Glenn T. (Glenn Theodore), 1912-1999

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Segrè, Emilio

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Serber, R. (Robert)

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Steinberger, J.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Steiner, Herbert M.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Stephens, F. S. (Frank Samuel)

Both employed at Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Teller, Edward, 1908-2003

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Tinkham, Michael

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Waterman, Alan Tower, 1892-1967

Both employed at Yale University.

Watson, Kenneth M.

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Weissman, Samuel Isaac

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Wick, G. C. (Gian Carlo)

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley.

Wright, Byron T. (Byron Terry), 1917-

York, Herbert F. (Herbert Frank)

Both employed at University of California, Berkeley and Lawrence Radiation Laboratory.

Zeleny, John, 1872-

Both employed at Yale University.

Additional

Alexander, Jerome, 1876-1959

Aller, Lawrence H. (Lawrence Hugh), 1913-2003

Bacher, Robert F. (Robert Fox), 1905-2004

Bethe, Hans A. (Hans Albrecht), 1906-2005

Bowen, Ira Sprague, 1898-1973

Brady, James Joseph, 1904-

Breit, Gregory, 1899-1981

Brobeck, William Morrison, 1908-

Brueckner, Keith A.

Chadwick, James, 1891-1974

Childs, Herbert, 1904-

Cockcroft, John, Sir, 1897-1967

Condon, Edward Uhler, 1902-1974

Cooksey, Donald

Crane, H. R. (Horace Richard), 1907-2007

Darrow, Karl K. (Karl Kelchner), 1891-

Dennison, David M. (David Mathias), 1900-1976

DuBridge, Lee A. (Lee Alvin), 1901-1994

Evans, Robley Dunglison, 1907-

Everson, George, 1885-

Farnsworth, Philo Taylor, 1906-1971

Feynman, Richard P. (Richard Phillips), 1918-1988

Gamow, George, 1904-1968

Gentner, Wolfgang, 1906-1980

Gofman, John W.

Goldhaber, Maurice, 1911-2011

Hevesy, Georg von, 1885-1966

Hildebrand, Joel Henry, 1881-1983

Jones, Hardin B.

Kruger, P. Gerald (Peter Gerald), 1902-

Langmuir, Irving, 1881-1957

Laslett, L. Jackson (Lawrence Jackson), 1913-

Leith, Cecil E., 1923-

Libby, Willard F.

Lindsay, Robert Bruce, 1900-

Livingood, John J. (John Jacob), 1903-

McCrea, William Hunter

Morrison, Philip

Nix, Foster Cary, 1905-

Pegram, George Braxton, 1876-1958

Phillips, Melba, 1907-2004

Rabi, I. I. (Isidor Isaac), 1898-1988

Ramsey, Norman, 1915-2011

Reynolds, Wallace B.

Richardson, O. W. (Owen Willans), 1879-1959

Shane, Charles Donald, 1895-1983

Shankland, Robert S., 1908-

Smyth, Henry De Wolf, 1898-1986

Spitzer, Lyman, 1914-1997

Strauss, Lewis L.

Tuve, Merle Antony, 1901-1982

Waller, Ivar, 1898-1991

Wiegand, Clyde (Clyde Edward), 1915-1996

Woodyard, John R., 1904-1981

Institutions

Major Positions

Lawrence Radiation Laboratory

Director.

Manhattan Project (U.S.)

Scientific Adviser and Project Director, Berkeley Radiation Laboratory.

United States. Office of Scientific Research and Development

Program Chief, S-1 Uranium Section and Member, Executive Committee, S-1 Uranium Section.

University of California, Berkeley. Department of Physics

Associate Professor of Physics and Professor of Physics.

Yale University. Physics Department

Obtained PhD in Physics (1925). National Research Fellow and Assistant Professor of Physics.

Professional Activities & Affiliations

American Philosophical Society

Member.

Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory

National Academy of Sciences (U.S.)

Member and Member, Advisory Committee on Uranium Research.

Rand Corporation

Member, Board of Trustees.

St. Olaf College

Took undergraduate courses.

U.S. Atomic Energy Commission

Received 1957 Enrico Fermi Award.

University of Chicago. Department of Physics

Worked towards PhD in Physics.

University of Minnesota. Department of Physics and Astronomy

Obtained MA (1923).

University of South Dakota. Department of Chemistry

Obtained BA (1922).

Resources

Archival Resources

Author

Audio clips [sound recording] : taken from Lawrence sound recording, phonodisc 76-77/ 1944-1948.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Ernest O. Lawrence papers, 1948-1958.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Ernest O. Lawrence papers, circa 1920-1968.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Ernest O. Lawrence personal papers, 1904-1966.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

University of Michigan Department of Physics records, 1873-2002. (bulk 1954-1991).

Bentley Historical Library

University of Michigan

Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-2113, USA

Subject

Accelerators for sub-atomic physics: I. History [sound recording], 2011 April 30.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Charles David King collection for his thesis "Chadwick, Liverpool and the bomb" (1997).

Sydney Jones Library. Special Collections and Archives

University of Liverpool

P. O. Box 123, Liverpool L69 3DA

Clips of my life by Byron T. Wright, undated.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Georg von Hevesy scientific correspondence, 1910-1966.

Niels Bohr Archive

Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark

Gregory Breit Symposium [sound recording], 1968 May 3.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Hans Bethe papers, circa 1931-1992.

Carl A. Kroch Library. Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections

Cornell University

2B Carl A Kroch Library, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA

Hardin B. Jones papers, 1937-1978.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Henry De Wolf Smyth papers, 1885-1987.

Library

American Philosophical Society

105 South Fifth Street, Philadelphia, PA 19106, USA

Herbert Childs materials assembled for a biography of Ernest O. Lawrence, 1960-1968.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

I. I. Rabi papers, 1899-1989 (bulk 1945-1968).

Manuscript Division

Library of Congress

James Madison Memorial Building, First Street and Independence Avenue SE, Washington, DC 20540, USA

Informal moments, Summer Symposia at the University of Michigan [motion picture] / taken by David Dennison ; 1933-1937.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Ivar Waller papers, circa 1912-1989.

Centrum för Vetenskapshistoria

Kungl. Svenska vetenskapsakademien

Stockholm, Sweden

James Chadwick correspondence with F. A. B. Ward, 1938.

Library

Science Museum (Great Britain)

Imperial College Road, London SW7 5NH, England, UK

James Joseph Brady response to early 1930s Ph.D.s Survey, 1980.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Jerome Alexander correspondence, 1908-1953.

Rare Books and Manuscripts Division

New York Public Library

Fifth Avenue and 42nd Street, New York, NY 10018, USA

Jesse W. Beams papers, 1926-1977.

Alderman Library. Special Collections

University of Virginia

Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA

John Hundale Lawrence papers, 1926-1987.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Karl K. Darrow papers, 1872-1978 (bulk 1917-1972).

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Keith Brueckner manuscript biography, 1986.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

LBL Office of the Director administrative files of Donald Cooksey, 1946-1957.

Archives and Records Office

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

One Cyclotron Road, Bldg. 69-107, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

LBL Office of the Director logbooks of Donald Cooksey, 1945-1980.

Archives and Records Office

Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory

One Cyclotron Road, Bldg. 69-107, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

LBL Office of the Director records of Edwin M. McMillan, 1907-1991.

Pacific Sierra Region

National Archives and Records Administration

1000 Commodore Drive, San Bruno, CA 94066, USA

Lee A. DuBridge papers, 1932-1986.

Institute Archives

California Institute of Technology

1201 East California Blvd. (Mail Code 015A-74), Pasadena, CA 91125, USA

Lewis L. Strauss papers, 1914-1974.

Herbert Hoover Presidential Library

West Branch, IA 52358, USA

M. Stanley Livingston papers, 1928-1986.

Institute Archives and Special Collections

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

M.I.T. Libraries, Rm. 14N-118, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Melba Phillips response to early 1930s Ph.D.s Survey, 1978.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Niels Bohr material collected elsewhere, 1912-1962.

Niels Bohr Archive

Blegdamsvej 17, Copenhagen, Denmark

O. W. Richardson papers, 1897-1959 (bulk 1920-1940).

Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center

University of Texas at Austin

P.O. Drawer 7219, Austin, TX 78713-7219, USA

Oral history interview with August Carl Helmholz, 1975 June 20 to November 11 and 1989 October 3 to 1990 January 16.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with August Carl Helmholz, 1975, 1989-1990.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with Cecil E. "Chuck" Leith, 1997 July 2.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Charles Donald Shane, 1967 July 11 and 14.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Clyde Edward Wiegand, 1977 September 26.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Edward Joseph Lofgren, 2006 May 6, 13, and 20.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with Edward Teller, 1980 December.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Edward Uhler Condon, 1967 October 17, 18, 1968 April 27, 1973 September 11 and 12.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Edwin M. McMillan, 1972 June 1, 2, and October 30, 31.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Edwin McMillan, 1972 June 1 and October 30.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with Emilio Gino Segrè, 1967 February 13.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Cyclotron Road, Bldg. 69-107, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Oral history interview with Foster Cary Nix, 1975 June 27.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Frank Oppenheimer, 1973 February 9 and May 21.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with George Gamow, 1968 April 25 and 26.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with H. R. Crane, 1973 March 28 and 1974 June 18.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Herbert F. York, 1975 September 9 and 1976 May 13.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with Ira Bowen, 1968 August 9 and 1969 August 26.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with J. Robert Oppenheimer, 1960 February.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with James Chadwick, 1969 April 15, 16, 17 and 20.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Joel Henry Hildebrand, 1974 March 11, 18, 26 and 1978 August 9.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with John Hundale Lawrence, 1979 and 1980.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with John J. Livingood, 1977 May 16. Big machine physics at Berkeley, Harvard and Argonne: oral history transcript / John J. Livingood; tape recorded interview conducted by Arthur Norberg on May 16, 1977. History of Science and Technology Program, The Bancroft Library, University of California, Berkeley, California, 1982.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with John R. Woodyard: Cyclotron and Klystron development: oral history transcript, 1974 October 18 and 1975 December 17.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with John W. Gofman, 1980 24 July to 8 August.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with L. Jackson Laslett, 1970 October 18.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Lawrence H. Aller, 1979 August 18.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Lee A. DuBridge, 1972 June 9.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Lee A. DuBridge, 1987 March 6.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Luis Alvarez, 1967 February 14 and 15.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Lyman Spitzer, Jr., 1978 March 15.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Maurice Goldhaber, 1967 January 10.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Merle Antony Tuve, 1967 March 30.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Merle Antony Tuve, 1982 January 13 and February 5.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Milton Grandison White, 1972 May 11 to 1975 February 28.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Milton Stanley Livingston, 1967 August 21.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Norman Ramsey, 1978 December 19, 1979 January 5 and 18.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Norris Edwin Bradbury, 1976 February 11.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Owen Chamberlain, 1976.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral History interview with Philip Hauge Abelson, 2002 June 19, 26 and July 3.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Philip Morrison, 1967 February 7.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Philip Morrison, 2002 December 19 and 20.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Robert Bruce Lindsay, 1964 May 6 and July 9.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral History interview with Robert F. Bacher, 1986 February 13.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Robert S. Shankland, 1974 August 20 and 21.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Robert Serber, 1967 February 10.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Robert Serber, 1996 November 26.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Robert Wilson, 1977 May 19.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Robley D. Evans, 1972 May 2, 3, 1974 May 5 and 1978 June 14.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Sir John Cockcroft, 1967 March 28.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Wallace B. Reynolds, 1975 December 12.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Oral history interview with Willard Frank Libby, 1979 April 12 and 16.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with William Hunter McCrea, 1978 September 22.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with William M. Brobeck, 1975 June 19, 29, October 26 and 1976 February 1.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Wolfgang Gentner, 1971 November 15.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Oral history interview with Wolfgang Kurt Hermann Panofsky, 1973 May 15 and 1974 March 6 and June 3.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

P. Gerald Kruger letters to Erika Wackenroder Kruger, Germany: 1939-1940.

The Bancroft Library

University of California, Berkeley

Berkeley, CA, 94720-6000, USA

Papers of physicists and astronomers in Hoover Library, 1918-1965.

Herbert Hoover Presidential Library

West Branch, IA 52358, USA

Philo T. Farnsworth and George Everson papers, 1914-1999.

Libraries, Arizona Collection

Arizona State University

P.O. Box 871006, Tempe, AZ 85287-1006, USA

Puzzles, History, and Reality TV; Physics Beyond the Classroom [sound recording], 2017 March 13.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Reminiscences about accelerators: Brookhaven lecture, 1980.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Richard Feynman papers, 1933-1965.

Niels Bohr Library & Archives

American Institute of Physics

One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA

Scientists and science collection, 1870-1948.

Department of Special Collections and University Archives

Stanford University

Stanford, CA 94305, USA

Published Resources

Author

Molecular films : the cyclotron and the new biology / by Hugh Stott Taylor, Ernest O. Lawrence [and] Irving Langmuir, with an introd. by J.R. Dunning.

Subject

"'Big Science' vs. 'Little Science': Laboratories and Leading Ideas in Conflict, Nuclear Physics in the Thirties and Forties," Physis: Rivista Internazionale di Storia della Scienza 30 (1993): 373-390

"Ernest Orlando Lawrence: 1901-1958", Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences

"Four Physicists and the Bomb: The Early Years, 1945-1950," Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 18 (1988): 231-263

"La Polémica Gaviola versus Beams-Lawrence," Saber y Tiempo: Revista de Historia de la Ciencia 2 (1998): 51-64

"Liverpool and Berkeley: The Chadwick-Lawrence Letters," Physics Today 49 (1996): 34-40

AIP Web Exhibit: Lawrence and the Cyclotron

An American Genius: The Life of Ernest Orlando Lawrence (New York: Dutton, 1968)

Brotherhood of the Bomb: The Tangled Lives and Loyalties of Robert Oppenheimer, Ernest Lawrence, and Edward Teller (New York: Henry Holt and Co., 2002)

Ernest Lawrence Nobel Prize Biography

Ernest O. Lawrence Physics Today obituary.

Lawrence and His Laboratory: A History of the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1989)

Lawrence and His Laboratory: Nuclear Science at Berkeley (Berkeley : Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and Office for History of Science and Technology, University of California, 1981)

Lawrence and Oppenheimer (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1968)

Web Exhibit: Lawrence and His Laboratory