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Links & Sources

Lasers on the Web

The 1964 Physics Nobel Prize including lectures by Townes, Basov and Prokhorov


NASA "What is a Laser" for children


Detailed information on how lasers work (high school level)


LaserFest - A 2010 celebration for the Year of the Laser



Laser History in Print

Bromberg, Joan Lisa. The Laser in America, 1950–1970. Cambridge: MIT Press, 1991.


Hecht, Jeff. Beam: The Race to Make the Laser. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005.


Hecht, Jeff. Laser Pioneers. Boston: Academic Press, 1992.


Taylor, Nick. Laser: The Inventor, the Nobel Laureate, and the Thirty Year Patent War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2000.


Townes, Charles H. How the Laser Happened: Adventures of a Scientist. New York: Oxford, 1999.


Maiman, Theodore H. The Laser Odyssey. Blaine, WA: Laser Press, 2000.


Bertolotti, Mario. The History of the Laser, trans. Bollati Boringhieri. Philadelphia: Institute of Physics, 2005.


Forman, Paul. "Inventing the Maser in Postwar America," Osiris, 2nd ser:7 (1992), pp. 105-134.


Myers, Robert A., and Richard W. Dixon. "Who Invented the Laser: An Analysis of Early Patents," Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 34 (2003), pp. 115-149.


Seidel, Robert W. "From Glow to Flow: A History of Military Laser Research and Development," Historical Studies in the Physical and Biological Sciences 18 (1987), pp. 111-147.



Full Interviews

Oral History: Peter Franken


Oral History: Arthur Schawlow


Oral History: Charles Townes (1987)


Oral History: N. G. Basov (Russian Nobelist)


Oral History: Irnee d'Haenens (Maiman's laser)


Oral History: W. E. Lamb (quantum theory of lasers)


Oral History: Rolf Landauer (IBM team)


Oral History: Elias Snitzer (neodymium-glass laser)


Oral History: Charles Townes (1984)