The papers of Samuel Cochran Phillips (1921-1990) span the years circa 1929-1990, with the bulk of the items concentrated in the period 1958-1989. Phillips witnessed several of the seminal events of the post-World War II Cold War period, including Soviet consolidation in Europe and American atomic weapons testing in Oceania. He assisted in developing guided missile and other armament technologies and directed the nation's intercontinental ballistic missile and manned lunar landing programs. He ended his career as an executive of TRW Inc., a large defense firm. Phillips's papers include correspondence and memoranda, reports, and diaries documenting the competition which characterized relations between the United States and the Soviet Union during the Cold War. They are more complete for the latter portion of his career, offering significant detail concerning the Minuteman intercontinental ballistic missile system for the United States Air Force, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) manned lunar landing program (Project Apollo), and Phillips's work at TRW Inc., a prominent defense contractor. The papers are less substantial regarding his association with atomic weapons tests at Eniwetok atoll in 1951 and his work establishing the B-52 long-range bomber as a viable armament. They contain almost no information regarding his brief stint as National Security Agency chief. Phillips's systems management technique, an administrative hallmark for which he and the programs he administered became well known, figures prominently in the Minuteman and NASA materials.