The collection contains materials concerning the Atom Commission at the State Optical Institute (SOI). The Atom Commission (1919-1921) was founded on the insistence of the Collegium of SOI. The main objectives were: (1) To concentrate leading scientific forces of Petrograd - physicists, astronomers, mathematicians - for investigation of structure of atomic nucleus. (2) To help representatives of technical elite of Petrograd to survive in stressful conditions of those days. The commission integrated teachers from Petrograd University, Polytechnical Institute, research workers from SOI and Physical-Technical Institute (PTI): Dimitri Sergeevich Rozhdestvensky (professor, director of SOI); Abram Fiodorovich Ioffe (corresponding member of Academy of Sciences, director of PTI); Aleksei Nikolaevich Krylov (Academician); Vsevolod Konstantinovich Frederiks (professor); Yuriy Alexandrovich Krutikov (professor); Yakov Dmitrievich Tamarkin (teacher); Scientists from SOI Bureau of Calculations: Alexander Illarionovich Tudorovsky (professor); Evgeniy Grigorievich Yahontov (researcher); Georgiy Georgievich Sljusarev (researcher), et al. Atom Commission sessions were attended also be invited participants, among them professors Apollon Pavlovich Afanas'ev, Karl Karlovich Baumgart, Orest Danilovich Hvolson, Andrei Andreevich Mazing, et al. The fund includes: memorandum by Collegium of SOI addressed to Russian Commissariat of Public Education; Biographies of Atom Commission members: Dimitri Sergeevich Rozhdestvensky, Aleksei Nikolaevich Krylov, Abram Fiodorovich Ioffe, Alexander I. Tudorovsky, Yuri A. Krutikov, Victor R. Bursian, Nikolai I. Muskkhelov; Minutes of 33 sessions of Atom Commission; 29 reports delivered at Atom Commission sessions; Appendices to 7 reports.