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Frisch, Otto Robert, 1904-
Otto Frisch papers and correspondence, 1899-1981.
Original material: The papers are extensive. There is a great deal of biographical material relating to his own career and interests (including music and sketching) and also family papers. Frisch's father was a successful printer in Vienna, briefly imprisoned at Dachau, who spent the war years in Stockholm and finally moved to Cambridge to be near his son. His mother was one of the large Meitner family, several of whom suffered under Nazi persecution and, briefly, British internment. Other relatives include Lise Meitner and the photographer Lotte Meitner-Graf. The documents thus have historical interest as an example of the diaspora of the 1930s. In the case of Lise Meitner there is an additional specific scientific content usefully complementing the main Lise Meitner papers deposited in the Churchill College Archives Centre, Cambridge. The diaries and journals, laboratory notebooks, research folders, related notes and correspondence provide a full record for Frisch's early work at Hamburg and Copenhagen. Inevitably, the wartime work on the atomic bomb project is only scantily documented. For the later period at Cambridge, the paucity of material relating to the Cavendish Laboratory reflects Frisch's lack of interest in administrative and committee work and his preference for relatively small-scale experimental projects, and the various constructions and gadgets which he continued to design for his Laser Scan Company to the end of his life. In addition to the usual material on lectures, visits and conferences, there is substantial documentation of his contributions to radio, television and film, which indicates his special skills as a polyglot expositor of scientific concerpts for a lay audience.
Supplementary material: New biographical material includes Frisch's famous caricature sketches of scientific colleagues, including those at Los Alamos, 1943-1945. Scientific research is represented by crucial documents relating to nuclear fission in the first half of 1939: correspondence between Frisch in Copenhagen and his aunt Lise Meitner in Sweden, correspondence between Frisch and Niels Bohr at Princeton, two drafts of Bohr's papers on the disintegration of heavy nuclei ("Nature", Lond., 143) and correspondence between Frisch and "Nature". There are also a few more drafts for Frisch's lectures, publications and broadcasts, and material relating to the commemoration meeting for Bohr held at Copenhagen in 1963.
Born in Vienna; education University of Vienna in Physics (Ph.D. 1926). Moved to Berlin in 1927, to Hamburg University in 1930, where he joined Otto Stern as an Assistant and, after being forced to leave Germany because of Nazi racial laws, to Birkbeck College, London to work with P.M.S. Blackett, 1933-1934, and then to Copenhagen to work with Niels Bohr, 1934-1939. In 1938 he collaborated with his aunt Lise Meitner in the famous analysis of O. Hahn's and F. Strassman's experimental results on neutron collision, to which he contributed not only the corroborative experiment but also the name of the process: "nuclear fission." In 1940, while based at Birmingham University, he wrote the important memorandum with R.E. Peierls "On the construction of a 'super-bomb' based on a nuclear chain reaction in uranium" which was instrumental in alerting the British government to the need to undertake nuclear research. He worked at Liverpool University from 1940 with James Chadwick on the British atomic bomb research project 'Tube Alloys' and in 1943 moved with other British scientists to Los Alamos to work on the Manhattan Project where he was head of the Critical Assembly Group and an eye-witness of the Trinity Test of an atomic bomb in July 1945. In 1946 he became head of the Nuclear Physics Division of the new Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell. In 1947 he was offered the Jacksonian Professorship of Natural Philosophy at Cambridge University where he was mainly concerned with teaching and the development of automatic devices to evaluate information produced in bubble chambers, which are used to study particle collisions. He was elected FRS in 1948; died 1979.
Bohr, Niels, 1885-1962.
Bohr, Niels Henrik David, 1885-1962 -- Anniversaries, etc. -- 1963.
Meitner, Lise, 1878-1968.
Nature (publication).
Nuclear fission -- Research.
Nuclear physics -- Research.
Physical laboratories.
Physics -- Congresses and conventions.
Radio broadcasting.
Science news.
Scientists -- Caricatures and cartoons -- New Mexico -- Los Alamos -- 20th century.
World War, 1939-1945 -- Refugees.
Diaries lcgft
Drafts (documents). aat aat
Lectures lcgft
Notebooks. aat
Notes. aat
Radio programs. lcsh aat
Science films. lcsh
Science televison programs. lcsh
Sketchbooks. aat
Science -- Popularization.
Frisch family.
Manhattan Project (U.S.)
AIP-ICOS
Trinity College. Library. Cambridge CB2 1TQ
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