Otto Stern was born in Germany, on February 17, 1888. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Breslau in 1912. In 1930 he was awarded an LL.D. by the University of California. In 1933 he moved to the United States where he was appointed a Research Professor of Physics at the Carnegie Institute of Technology, Pittsburgh where he remained until 1945. His work was in the field of theoretical experimental physics, especially statistical thermodynamics and quantum theory, on which he has published important papers. He was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1943 "for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton." He was also one of several Nobel winning physicists who helped construct the first atomic bomb. Stern died in 1969.