Astronomer. Princeton University, 1892; Columbia University, A. M., 1894; Ph. D., 1895. Affiliations: Professor of astronomy and geodesy, Columbia University, 1895-1899; Assistant, U. S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, 1900; Director, International Latitude Observatory, Gaithersburg, MD. until 1905; then he served as construction engineer and auditor for the cities of Pittsburgh and New York until 1910; Secretary to the President of Gulf Refining Co. in Pittsburgh, 1910-1920. He alao served as astronomer at the Carnegie Institution. The majority of his research was for the publication: New Reduction of Piazzi's Star Catalog which be began in 1895. He also authored Glossary to Homer's Illiad, 1888; Parallax of Eta Cassiopeia, 1895; Catalogue of 62 Stars about Eta Cassiopeia, 1895; Computation Forms for the Use of Classes in Practical Astronomy, 1897; An Abbreviated Form of Least Square Solutions, 1898; Private Cipher-Book, 1911; Dictionary of Telegraphic Code-Words, 1912.