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American Institute of Physics. Center for History of Physics. Study of Multi-Institutional Collaborations. Phase II: Space Science and Geophysics.
Oral history interviews. Geophysics and Oceanography: International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project (ISCCP), 1992-1994.
Interviews were conducted with members of the project's collaboration using a structured question set covering all stages of in the collaborative research process: the formation of the collaboration and its personnel; the organizational structure; the formation of the experiment teams; the drafting of the proposal; funding for U.S. groups by the National Science Foundation or other U.S. funding agencies; use of subcontractors; development of software for data collection and analysis; the collaboration's decision-making style; role of the Principal Investigators, science management offices, consortia headquarters, advisory groups, and graduates students; impact of internationalism; patterns of communications; records creation, use, distribution, and retention; also, comments on the interviewee's home institution and trends in graduate education in geophysics and oceanography. Interviews (listed by institutional member of the collaboration and by name of individual) were conducted with: Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique, CRNS, France: Genevieve Seze; Colorado State University: Garrett Campbell, Eric Smith, Thomas Vonder Haar; Ecole Polytechnique - Laboratoire de Mťǒrologie Dynamique, CNRS, France: Michael Desbois; Environment Canada, University of British Columbia, Canada: Gorden McBean; GKSS Institute for Physics, Geesthacht, Germany: Erhardt Raschke; Goddard Institute for Space Studies: William Rossow; NASA: Robert Shiffer; National Center for Atmospheric Research: Francis Bretherton, Roy Jenne; NOAA: George Ohring; University of Kiel, Germany: Eberhard Ruprecht; World Meteological Organization: Bo Doos, Garth Paltridge. Other institutions involved the collaboration included: Canadian Climate Center, Meteorological Satellite Center (Japan), Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (France), University of Colorado, Universitt̃ zu Kl̲n, Germany; NASA Langley Research Center (Virginia), National Severe Storm Center; and the University of Wisconsin.
ISCCP samples and processes the data from the several weather satellites that provide weather forecasters with daily pictures of regional cloud coverage; the project generates global statistics on the distribution and properties of clouds. Cloud-radiation feedback (along with global ocean circulation) has been one of the two physical processes for which climate modelers lacked measurements that were commensurate with the sophistication of their models. ISCCP, which used only data from satellites that governments had already put in place and committed to maintain, was the first project sponsored by the World Climate Research Programme (WCRP). Managed by the Joint Science Committee of WCRP, the project challenged participants to develop an algorithm that could capture cloud characteristics against a global set of backgrounds. The work on the algorithm was conducted in the United States at the Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France).
Colorado State University.
Ecole polytechnique (France)
Goddard Institute for Space Studies.
International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project.
National Center for Atmospheric Research (U.S.)
United States. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
Universitt̃ zu Kl̲n.
University of British Columbia.
University of Colorado.
University of Wisconsin--Madison.
World Meteorological Organization.
Geophysics.
Geophysics -- International cooperation.
Climatology.
Group work in research.
American Institute of Physics. Center for History of Physics. Study of Multi-Institutional Collaborations. Phase II: Space Science and Geophysics.
Canadian Climate Center.
Centre de Meteorologie Spatiale (France)
European Organization for the Exploitation of Meteorological Satellites (Germany)
Laboratoire de meteorologie dynamique (Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France))
Meteorological Satellite Center, Japan.
National Severe Storm Center.
Bretherton, F. P.
Doos, Bo R.
McBean, G. A.
Ohring, George.
Raschke, Ehrhard.
Rossow, William Brigance, 1947-
Ruprecht, Eberhard.
Schiffer, R. A. (Robert A.)
Vonder Haar, Thomas H.
American Institute of Physics) Center for History of Physics
Campbell, Garrett.
Desbois, Michael.
Jenne, Roy.
Paltridge, Garth William.
Seze, Genevieve.
Smith, Eric.
AIP-ICOS
American Institute of Physics. Niels Bohr Library & Archives. One Physics Ellipse, College Park, MD 20740, USA
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