This collection documents the National Science Foundation's (NSF) Project Mohole. It includes an artificial collection is composed mainly of William E. Benson's correspondence and subject files as a member of the staff of the Earth Sciences Section of the National Science Foundation (NSF). This material includes reports circulated within NSF, minutes of meetings including those of the American Miscellaneous Society (AMSOC), budget planning material, and records of Congressional hearings. The material collected at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) includes the original SIO Mohole Proposal of 1961, correspondence about the Project and about the proposal, budget planning material, and minutes of meetings discussing the project. The collection also includes material by Russell Watson Raitt, and George Shor.