Elementary school teacher, astronomer, primarily moon specialist/expert. While teacher in Kaiserlautern, 1887-1890, he built his first observatory. In 1895, with support from the Prussian Academy of Sciences, he established a second (Hh̲enwarte) on Kirchberg (135 meters). In 1911, he obtained, through a foundation endowment, a so-called Medial, his largest instrument. Finally in 1923 he built at Gr nwald on the Isarhoh̲en [heights] his last observatory. Besides numerous articles in astronomical and other periodicals, he wrote: 'Astronomische Beobachtungen nebst Atlas von Mondkarten' (1895); ' Was wir vom Monde wissen' (1906); 'Hr̲bigers Glacialkosmogonie' (1913); '25 Jahre Planetenforschung' (1916); 'Neue Mondkarte und neue Grundlagen einer Mondkunde' (1922); 'Unser Mond' (1930).