This interview discusses: Kozai's family life and early education; the impact of receiving Yukio Haghihara's book on celestial mechanics in 1947; his relationship with Haghihara; his undergraduate education at the University of Tokyo (T ky Daigaku); his research at the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory (T ky Tenmondai) and the Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; the nature of Japanese astronomy; the relationship between Dirk Brouwer, Yukio Haghihara, Samuel Herrick, and James Baker; his work with radio telescopes; Kozai's Japanese astronomy peers; and the transition of Tokyo Astronomical Observatory from a university observatory to a national observatory.