American geochemist. Ph.D geology, Columbia University (1950). Professional experience includes: assistant geologist, Columbia University (1946-1949); from assistant professor to associate professor of mineralogy, University of Utah (1950-1955); chief, staff geologist, geologist, Solid State Group, Geochemical and Petrology Branch, U.S. Geological Survey (1955-1987); associate in department of earth and planetary science, Harvard University (1987-2006).