This collection includes papers generated by the Commission. Notes and articles published in the Comptes rendus, proceedings of some of the meetings, manuscripts of notes presented to the Commission, budgets, invoices for instruments (such as telescopes, cameras, optical materials, etc.), correspondence with foreign astronomers, the French government, and scientists in charge of expeditions. Topics include observational astronomy, celestial mechanics, spectroscopy, photography, Venus and Mercury transits before the Sun, meteorology, etc. Scientists involved include: Airy, Andr,̌ Angot, Bouquet de la Grye, Brunner (instrument maker), Delaunay, Dumas, Eichens (instrument maker), Faye, Fizeau, Fleuriais, Hatt, Janssen, Jurien de la Gravir̈e, Milne-Edwards, Mouchez, Puiseux, Rayet, Tisserand, Wolf, and Yvon Villarceau. The box numbered 1648 contains the papers of Victor Puiseux, astronomer at the Observatoire de Paris, who mainly worked in celestial mechanics. It includes manuscripts of published and unpublished articles, copies of mathematical memoirs, some of his scientific correspondence, and several pages of computation and tables.